Many
third world countries have many diseases that thrive because they do not have
the means to diagnose, treat, and manage them. Therefore, for the people that
has these diseases and do not know it, will spread it without knowing it, which
causes a huge outbreak. Now, thanks to a team of Caltech engineers and
biologists, an inexpensive, portable, easy-to-use device, is said to speed the
diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and other diseases. This device is also said to improve
treatment in all areas over the world. What these biologists and engineers have
done is built a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device. The machine is
small enough to fit into a backpack and is simple to operate. They compare it
to the simplicity of using a DVD player. What the machine does is generate many
copies of a pathogenic nucleic acid, which allows the infection to be detected.
This
device was the result of 10 years of research. When H5N1 bird flu pandemic
happened in Asia, this was when the device first was put to use. Small amounts
of the viral material were taken and a large number of copies were made so the
virus could be identified. The initial cost of the PCR machine, in 2005, was $50,000.
Since this is obviously too expensive for developing countries, a far less
expensive PCR machine was created but it did not give results fast enough.
Researchers then teamed up with another scientist, Baltimore, who is one of the
world’s leading experts on AIDS and won his Nobel for work in virology. They
thought that if they could build something that was useful for detecting H5N1,
then it would be equally useful in detecting other viruses or diseases like
HIV/AIDS. By the end of 2006, a newer version of the machine was capable of
evaluating a sample in 94 seconds compared to 45 minutes like the previous
machines. This machine was fast and relatively cheap, $13,000, but was still
the size of a microwave oven. The newest machine, the one talked about in the
previous paragraph, runs off a rechargeable battery and operates from the push
of a button. It can diagnose acute lower-respiratory diseases, diarrheal
diseases, malaria, and other such conditions. The goal is to bring the cost of
the machine below $1,000 and each test under $5.
2/28/13
1:44 PM
4 comments:
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